Clinical Reasoning: A 33-Year-Old Man With Rapidly Progressive Ataxia.

NeurologyNov 9, 2026 (epub)
Case ReportNeurologyInfectious Diseases

Pallavi Chandrasekhar, Vy X Pham, Liz Timple et al.

✦ AI-curated · Sources linked

Case in brief

A 33-year-old man with AIDS developed subacute progressive confusion, blurred vision, diplopia, and generalized cerebellar ataxia after hospitalizations for opportunistic infections. The presentation prompted evaluation for rhombencephalitis, with a broad differential that included infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic causes. The abstract describes the diagnostic approach to refining this differential but does not report a final diagnosis, specific test findings, or clinical outcome.

What made this case unusual

The case centers on the diagnostic complexity of rhombencephalitis in a patient with AIDS after opportunistic infections, where infectious, immunologic, and neoplastic processes may need consideration.

Diagnostic / clinical pearl

In an immunocompromised patient with subacute neurologic deficits, consider a broad differential—including infectious, autoimmune, and neoplastic causes—when evaluating possible rhombencephalitis.

Source

PubMed · PMID 43002711

Published in Neurology. This summary was written by xxcode from the publication's abstract and metadata. It is not peer reviewed and is not a substitute for the original article. For clinical decisions, review the original publication.

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