Feasibility and Exploratory Outcomes of Foot-Ankle and Walking Exercises for Diabetic Neuropathy, Stress, and Quality of Life: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Siti Fadlilah, Wahyu Rochdiat Murdhiono, Ariyanto Nugroho et al.
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In 30 seconds
This three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of foot-ankle exercises and a structured walking routine, and explored preliminary outcomes, among people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy at three public health centers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The 108 participants were assigned to either intervention or usual care with health education and followed for 12 weeks. Retention exceeded 90%, adherence was at least 80%, and adverse events were minimal. Exploratory analyses suggested possible changes in neuropathy indicators and other health measures, but the study was designed to inform a future, fully powered trial rather than establish efficacy.
Key findings
- Retention was > 90%, adherence was ≥ 80%, and adverse events were minimal.
- Exploratory analyses suggested possible intervention-group trends in diabetic neuropathy indicators, diabetes-related distress, quality-of-life barriers, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and ankle-brachial index.
Why it matters
The study addresses whether exercise interventions can be delivered and sustained in primary care for people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Favorable feasibility indicators support further evaluation, while the exploratory outcome patterns identify measures that may warrant assessment in a larger trial. The findings do not establish that either exercise approach improves clinical outcomes.
What to keep in mind
This was a pilot trial with exploratory outcomes; it was not designed to establish intervention efficacy. Adherence was assessed using participant-reported exercise logs.