Presenting non-insulin-based indices of insulin resistance relevant to pre-hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Maryam Farahmand, Sima Nazarpour, Hanieh Malmir et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined associations between non-insulin-based insulin-resistance indices and pre-hypertension in studies using cross-sectional designs. Fifteen studies were included in the review and 14 in the meta-analysis. TyG, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR were each associated with significantly higher odds of pre-hypertension. The diagnostic odds ratio was 2.67 (95% CI: 2.39-2.97) for TyG and 3.45 (95% CI: 2.73-4.35) for TyG-BMI. The findings indicate association, not causation.
Key findings
- All 15 included studies were cross-sectional or used a cross-sectional approach; 14 contributed to the meta-analysis.
- TyG was associated with pre-hypertension, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 2.67 (95% CI: 2.39-2.97).
- TyG-BMI was associated with pre-hypertension, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 3.45 (95% CI: 2.73-4.35).
- TyG-WC, TG/HDL-C, and METS-IR were also associated with significantly increased odds of pre-hypertension (P < 0.05).
Why it matters
These findings suggest that routinely derived, non-insulin-based indices may help identify people with pre-hypertension and support earlier assessment of cardiovascular risk. However, the evidence is cross-sectional, so it cannot establish whether insulin resistance precedes pre-hypertension or causes it. Prospective research is needed before the indices’ predictive value or role in prevention can be established.
What to keep in mind
All included studies were cross-sectional or used a cross-sectional approach, preventing causal inference; the authors call for prospective and longitudinal research.