Socioeconomic Inequalities in Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviours Among Adolescents: A Systematic Review.

In 30 seconds

This systematic review synthesized observational evidence on socioeconomic position and dietary or physical activity behaviours among adolescents. Of 22,897 records identified, 38 studies met the eligibility criteria. Higher socioeconomic position was associated with healthier dietary patterns, greater fruit and vegetable intake, and more participation in organized physical activities. Lower socioeconomic position was associated with poorer diet quality, more breakfast skipping, and greater consumption of energy-dense or ultra-processed foods. Associations with total physical activity and sedentary behaviour were inconsistent; parental education showed the most consistent links with dietary behaviours.

Key findings

• The review included 38 eligible studies from 22,897 records identified.
• Higher socioeconomic position was associated with healthier dietary patterns, greater fruit and vegetable intake, and more organized physical activity.
• Lower socioeconomic position was associated with poorer diet quality, more breakfast skipping, and higher energy-dense or ultra-processed food consumption.
• Associations with total physical activity and sedentary behaviour were inconsistent; parental education was most consistently associated with dietary behaviours.

Why it matters

The findings indicate that adolescent dietary behaviours are patterned by socioeconomic position, while physical activity associations vary across domains and settings. This distinction can help public health planning focus on unequal access to healthy food environments and safe opportunities for activity, while recognizing that broader social and environmental determinants may shape these behaviours.

What to keep in mind

The review included observational studies, so the reported associations do not establish causation. Methodological quality varied: 15 studies were rated high, 13 moderate, and 10 low.