Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on stress and anxiety management in pregnancy: a systematic review.
Julianne Sautier, Cyril Tarquinio, Thierry Cardoso et al.
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In 30 seconds
This systematic review synthesized evidence on non-pharmacological approaches to preventing or managing stress, anxiety and fear of childbirth during pregnancy. Following PRISMA guidance, the authors searched four databases for studies published from 2014 to 2026 and included 69 articles spanning online and in-person, individual and group interventions, and high- and low-risk pregnancies. Mindfulness was the largest intervention category (26%), followed by psychotherapy (23%) and antenatal classes (22%). Because the studies were heterogeneous, the review could not compare intervention effectiveness.
Key findings
- The review included 69 articles; mindfulness accounted for 26%, psychotherapy 23% and antenatal classes 22%.
- Other intervention categories were mind-body approaches (16%), art therapy (6%), peer support (4%) and attachment-based interventions (3%).
- Heterogeneity across studies prevented comparisons of effectiveness.
Why it matters
The review maps a broad range of approaches used to address prenatal stress, anxiety and fear of childbirth, but does not establish which approach is most effective. This distinction matters when interpreting the evidence: the range of interventions is substantial, while inconsistent studies and risk of bias limit conclusions that can guide clinical decisions.
What to keep in mind
Heterogeneity made effectiveness comparisons impossible. The authors also identify risk of bias and limited inclusion of coparents and people with psychiatric comorbidities as concerns for the evidence base.