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1003 articles

October 202624

Case ReportInfectious DiseasesOpen access

Varicella zoster virus meningitis with a dermatomal rash in immunocompetent hosts: a systematic review and novel case report.

A 44-year-old immunocompetent man presented with fever, severe headache, and a right-sided vesicular rash in the C4-C5 dermatomes. He was initially misdiagnosed with a tick-borne illness.

J NeurovirolOct 8, 2026Read case
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Association between complement de-escalation and prognosis in sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined whether reduced complement activation after treatment was associated with prognosis in patients with sepsis. Eleven studies were included.

Respir MedOct 8, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious DiseasesOpen access

Open-label Phase 1 study to evaluate drug-drug interactions between ulonivirine and islatravir in adults without HIV.

This open-label, three-period Phase 1 study assessed pharmacokinetic interactions between ulonivirine and islatravir in 36 adults without HIV.

Antimicrob Agents ChemotherOct 8, 2026Read summary
Case ReportHematology

Idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease in an HIV-positive child.

A preadolescent girl with HIV presented with fever and unilateral facial and neck swelling. Examination showed generalised lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, hypertension and haematuria, initially suggesting…

BMJ Case RepOct 7, 2026Read case
Case ReportHematology

In vitro correction of venom-induced coagulopathy in Daboia russelii envenomation demonstrated using tranexamic acid-modified rotational thromboelastometry.

A man in his late 40s presented soon after Russell’s viper envenomation with local signs and a prolonged modified Lee and White clotting time, despite normal prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times.

BMJ Case RepOct 7, 2026Read case
Case ReportOncology (Medical)

Scleral perforation in a young adult with Burkitt lymphoma.

A man in his 20s with Burkitt lymphoma receiving chemotherapy was referred for lagophthalmos and left facial nerve palsy. Weeks later, he developed acute scleral perforation.

BMJ Case RepOct 7, 2026Read case
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

HIV care cascade of adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets among adolescents and young adults living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. It included 37 studies from 13 countries.

BMJ OpenOct 7, 2026Read summary
Case ReportDermatology

A 45-Year-Old Woman With 30-Year History of a Nodule of the Earlobe Diagnosed as Lupus Vulgaris (Cutaneous Tuberculosis).

A 45-year-old woman had a painless, intermittently itchy lesion on her right earlobe for more than 30 years. It appeared as a red, thickened plaque with yellow papules and pustules.

Am J Case RepOct 7, 2026Read case
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Safety and Immunogenicity of the Live-Attenuated Quadrivalent Dengue Vaccine V181 Compared With Butantan-DV Among Healthy Adults in Brazil: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Trial.

This randomized, double-blind, active-comparator phase 2 trial compared the safety and immunogenicity of single-dose quadrivalent dengue vaccines V181 and Butantan-DV in healthy adults in Brazil.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Fosfomycin as Oral Transition Therapy Versus Continued Intravenous β-Lactams for Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial.

This multicenter, open-label randomized noninferiority trial compared oral fosfomycin transition therapy with continued intravenous carbapenem or β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor therapy in hospitalized adults with…

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Multidimensional Poverty and Implementation Reach of Household Contact Tracing for Tuberculosis in South Africa: Analysis of a Randomized Trial.

This analysis of a cluster-randomized trial in South Africa examined whether household multidimensional poverty was associated with the reach of household contact tracing (HHCT) for tuberculosis.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Phase 2a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Human Challenge Trial of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus L-Protein Inhibitor S-337395 for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection.

This phase 2a, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-centre human challenge trial assessed oral S-337395 in healthy adults aged 18–55 years inoculated with RSV-A Memphis 37b.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Three Months of Weekly Rifapentine and Isoniazid Versus Four Months of Daily Rifampicin for Tuberculosis Infection: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

This multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial compared treatment completion with weekly isoniazid plus rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) versus daily rifampicin for 4 months (4RIF) among people of any age with…

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Immunogenicity and Safety of the Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein-Based Vaccine When Co-administered With the Adjuvanted Recombinant Herpes Zoster Subunit Vaccine in Adults ≥ 50 Years of Age.

This phase III, open-label, randomised trial compared co-administration of adjuvanted RSVPreF3 and recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) with administration one month apart in adults aged ≥50 years.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

A Phase 1/2 Dose-Ranging Safety and Immunogenicity Study of mRNA-Based Candidate Pandemic Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Adults.

This randomised phase 1/2 dose-ranging study evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of mRNA-1018 pandemic influenza vaccine candidates in healthy adults.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchGeriatrics

Immunogenicity and Safety of Co-administration of Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prefusion F Protein Vaccine With 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults Aged ≥60 Years: A Randomized, Non-inferiority Trial.

This phase III, open-label, randomized non-inferiority trial compared concomitant versus one-month-apart administration of adjuvanted RSV prefusion F protein vaccine (RSVPreF3) and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate…

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

Safety, Efficacy, and Immunogenicity of a Multivalent Adjuvanted Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine in Adults With Recent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: An Observer-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multinational Phase 1/2 Trial.

This observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial evaluated a five-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine with AS01E adjuvant in adults, including 194 participants aged 18–64 years with a recent S.

Clin Infect DisOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchInfectious DiseasesOpen access

Efficacy of direct-acting antiviral regimens for acute HCV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed interferon-free dual direct-acting antiviral regimens for acute or recently acquired HCV infection.

Virol JOct 7, 2026Read summary
Clinical ResearchUrology

Digital health technologies for the prevention and management of urinary tract infections in menopausal women: A systematic review.

This systematic review synthesised evidence on digital technologies for preventing or managing urinary tract infections in menopausal women.

MaturitasOct 7, 2026Read summary
Case ReportCardiology

Anterior ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction With Coronary Thrombosis in a Young Man with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia.

A 36-year-old man with newly diagnosed, severely immunosuppressive HIV infection and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia developed an acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 25 days after starting…

Turk Kardiyol Dern ArsOct 7, 2026Read case
Clinical ResearchGastroenterology

Peripheral microbial metabolites as indicators of gut microbiome disruption: systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether circulating microbial metabolites can indicate gut microbiome disruption.

mBioOct 7, 2026Read summary
Case ReportInfectious Diseases

Hepatitis A-associated oxidative haemolysis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency with co-inherited sickle cell trait.

A young male presented with pruritus, nausea, and jaundice following travel to West Africa, lacking hepatitis A vaccination.

BMJ Case RepOct 6, 2026Read case
Clinical ResearchInfectious Diseases

#aware.hiv Europe study: protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial of a multimodal hospital-based implementation strategy targeting HIV indicator-condition-guided testing in European hospitals.

The #aware.hiv Europe study is a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial conducted in 30 hospitals across ten European countries, aiming to improve HIV testing rates among patients with HIV indicator conditions.

BMJ OpenOct 6, 2026Read summary
Case ReportOrthopedic Surgery

A High-Energy Military Femoral Fracture With Multidrug-Resistant Infection: A Case Report.

A 37-year-old military man presented with a high-energy femoral fracture complicated by a multidrug-resistant infection. After multiple debridement procedures and the use of an external fixation device, he underwent…

Am J Case RepOct 6, 2026Read case

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